Identification with all humanity-A test of the factorial structure and measurement invariance of the scale in five countries.

Identification with all humanity measured as an individual characteristic is an important factor related to social and international relations, such as concern for global issues and human rights, prosocial attitudes, intergroup forgiveness, attitudes toward immigrants, solving global problems, reactions to hate crimes and dehumanisation. We examine the factorial structure, psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Identification with All Humanity (IWAH) scale in student samples from five countries (the United States, Poland, France, Mexico and Chile; N = 1930). Separate confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) for each country showed a second-order model of one superordinate factor with two subfactors. The cross-country validation of the scale, based on multigroup CFA, confirmed configural and metric invariance between countries for raw scores, and full metric invariance for "pure" scores. This study showed that the IWAH scale can be successfully used for cross-country research and the results from different countries can be compared and integrated.

"Storytelling as a vehicle of healing": Johanna Shapiro, PhD, professor, psychologist, poet, medical humanities scholar.

This commentary reflects the professional life story of a respected editor, poet, and champion of medical humanities, Johanna Shapiro. A psychologist by training, Johanna's work in medical humanities is well known and respected by health professionals in multiple venues. It is within family medicine that Johanna found her professional home. Her work has focused on the value of storytelling as a vehicle of healing, helping health professionals at all levels of training better understand their patients' experiences of illness and healing. The understanding helps patients more deeply connect to their illness and wellness. This commentary offers a tribute to Johanna's professional life and her contributions to family and narrative medicine. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The case for an inclusive scholarly communication infrastructure for social sciences and humanities.

This article presents a vision for a scholarly communication research infrastructure for social sciences and humanities (SSH). The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the pressing need to access research outputs without the traditional economic and temporal barriers. This article explores the current scholarly communication landscape, assessing the reasons for the slower uptake of open access in SSH research. The authors discuss such frontiers as commercial interests, sources of academic prestige and discipline-specific genres. This article defines and discusses the key areas in which a research infrastructure can play a vital role in making open scholarly communication a reality in SSH: (1) providing a federated and easy access to scattered SSH outputs; (2) supporting publication and dissemination of discipline-specific genres (e.g. monographs, critical editions); (3) providing help with evaluation and quality assurance practices in SSH; (4) enabling  scholarly work in national languages, which is significant for local communities; (5) being governed by researchers and for researchers as a crucial factor for productive, useful and accessible services; (6) lastly, considering the needs of other stakeholders involved in scholarly communication, such as publishers, libraries, media, non-profit organisations, and companies. They conclude that a scholarly-driven, inclusive, dedicated infrastructure for the European Research Area is needed in order to advance open science in SSH and to address the issues tackled by SSH researchers at a structural and systemic level.

Conversations with Buer.

The communicative practice of pathography, or illness narratives, is emerging within the field of medical humanities. Pathography is a modality through which one may express their embodied experience of illness and their relations with the health care system. Offering voice and agency to the patient, pathography also holds potential as an empathy training tool for medical staff. Research is illuminating the ways in which illness narratives can act as a bridge between the lived experiences of the ill and the institutional treatment practices of the health care system. "Conversations With Buer" is an example of a personal illness narrative depicting the interaction between mental illness, gendered subjectivity, and health care services. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Why include the humanities in medical studies?

The relation between philosophy and biomedicine has been reassessed and rethought in the last few years: on the one hand, philosophy of science has paid increasing attention to actual modes of biomedical research and clinical practice; on the other, classes in philosophy, and more generally, in the humanities, have started entering medical curricula. However, the role of philosophy in medical education is not yet unanimously recognized, with situations differing significantly in various national and international contexts. In line with the tradition in Italy and other countries of reflecting on clinical methodology and with the recent initiatives at the crossroads between medicine and philosophy, this contribution aims to argue for the mutual relevance of medicine and philosophy in educational processes, and to suggest some possible forms of implementation of their interactions.

Matter beginning to matter: On posthumanist understandings of the vital emergence of health.

In recent years much health research across the social sciences and humanities has undergone a noticeable, albeit by no means cohesive or comprehensive, 'turn' towards a posthumanist theoretical orientation. This paper reviews the radical ideas about health's emergence that have accompanied this turn, noting the core processes that are understood to always be in play. In particular, while acknowledging that not all humanistic ideas have been rejected in this work, it describes how some have been reworked and extended in 'other-than-fully conscious' and 'more-than-human' terms. The paper assesses and synthesizes this diverse literature, emphasising the novel understandings of corporeality, materiality, assemblage, relationality, vitality and affect that have become distinctive features of it.

The Return to Literature-Making Doctors Matter in the New Era of Medicine.

The rapid explosion of medical knowledge of the 19th and 20th centuries required a transformation in medical education, which, to that point, had been marked by low educational standards. To combat the lack of regulation, the 1910 Flexner Report recommended sweeping reforms. By 1930, students hoping to enroll in a medical school would need to complete courses in chemistry, physics, and biology, leaving little room for the liberal arts.Medicine is once again changing. The impact of artificial intelligence is being felt across all medical fields, and the nature of physicians' jobs in the new landscape of intelligent machines will inevitably also have to change. What will the role of new physicians be? And how should medical education be amended to meet those needs?In 2017, the Georgetown University School of Medicine graduated the first group of students from its Literature and Medicine Track-the first U.S. medical school track dedicated to the study of literature. This Invited Commentary explores the work done in, and the scholarship resulting from, this novel educational program and suggests ways in which literature could be used to prepare future doctors for the evolving demands of the medical field.

Quantifying the development of user-generated art during 2001-2010.

One of the main questions in the humanities is how cultures and artistic expressions change over time. While a number of researchers have used quantitative computational methods to study historical changes in literature, music, and cinema, our paper offers the first quantitative analysis of historical changes in visual art created by users of a social online network. We propose a number of computational methods for the analysis of temporal development of art images. We then apply these methods to a sample of 270,000 artworks created between 2001 and 2010 by users of the largest social network for art-DeviantArt (www.deviantart.com). We investigate changes in subjects, techniques, sizes, proportions and also selected visual characteristics of images. Because these artworks are classified by their creators into two general categories-Traditional Art and Digital Art-we are also able to investigate if the use of digital tools has had a significant effect on the content and form of artworks. Our analysis reveals a number of gradual and systematic changes over a ten-year period in artworks belonging to both categories.

Evaluación de la pertinencia social del programa de maestría Humanidades Médicas / Evaluation of the social relevance of the Master 's of Science in Medical Humanities

Un requisito para demostrar la vigencia de un programa de posgrado es la evaluación de su pertinencia social. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir los resultados de la evaluación de la pertinencia social del programa de maestría Humanidades Médicas. Se muestran sus características esenciales derivadas de los procesos realizados en el Centro para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud; se define la pertinencia social y sus indicadores como conceptos esenciales para la evaluación de los procesos del posgrado; por último, se presenta la metodología y su aplicación en el proceso de evaluación. Se realizó triangulación metodológica de fuentes de datos provenientes de encuestas y entrevistas a profesores, maestrantes de la edición actual y de egresados; además, datos de los informes de autoevaluación y de la comisión técnica en el proceso de evaluación externa para la acreditación acaecida en marzo de 2016(AU)

A requisite for demonstrating the validity of a postgraduate program is the assessment of its social relevance. This work aims to describe evaluative results related to the social relevance of the Masters of Science in Medical Humanities degree. The evaluation process was carried out in the Health Humanities and Social Sciences Development Centre of Camaguey. Social relevance and related indicators were defined and considered for this specific master's degree level evaluation. The methodology and its application in the evaluation process are presented. Data triangulation between surveys collected and interviews granted from faculty, current students of the Medical Humanities program, and graduates of the department was utilized. Additionally, data from self-evaluation reports and from the external evaluation technical commission for accreditation in March 2016 were considered in the data triangulation(AU)

En defensa de la Historia y las Humanidades en Oftalmología / In defense of the History and Humanities in Ophthalmology

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[Medical Humanities--the Historical Significance and Mission in Medical Education].

In this paper we consider the significance and mission of medical humanities in medical education from the following six viewpoints: (1) misunderstanding of the medical humanities; (2) its historical development; (3) the criteria for the ideal physician; (4) the contents of current Medical Humanities education; (5) the basic philosophy; and (6) its relation to medical professionalism. Medical humanities consists of the three academic components of bioethics, clinical ethics and medical anthropology, and it is a philosophy and an art which penetrate to the fundamental essence of medicine. The purpose of medical humanities is to develop one's own humanity and spirituality through medical practice and contemplation by empathizing with patients' illness narratives through spiritual self-awakening and by understanding the mutual healing powers of human relations by way of the realization of primordial life. The basic philosophy is "the coincidence of contraries". The ultimate mission of medical humanities is to cultivate physicians to educate themselves and have a life-long philosophy of devotion to understanding, through experience, the coincidence of contraries.

Entorno virtual de desarrollo socio-humanístico para profesionales de la salud en Guantánamo / Virtual environment and socio-humanistic development for health professionals in Guantánamo

Este trabajo es resultado parcial de la investigación realizada dentro del Proyecto Investigativo Institucional para el desarrollo del capital intelectual de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo entre los años 2012 y 2014. La población la constituyó una selección de 150 profesionales de la salud de las diversas sedes en la UCMG; la muestra la constituyen 129 cursistas que vencieron los 5 cursos de postgrado desarrollados durante la investigación. La metodología seguida en esta investigación se corresponde con la de una investigación cualitativa en tanto diseña una propuesta metodológica que emerge como línea rectora en el proceso de desarrollo postgraduado en las disciplinas de ciencias sociales, políticas y humanísticas de los profesionales de la Salud. El problema detectado fue la ineficiencia en el desarrollo socio-humanístico de profesionales de la salud que incide negativamente en la calidad del servicio que prestan. El objetivo que se cumplió fue el de elaborar un software informático con actividades docentes de postgrado que permitan, mediante la autogestión de conocimientos, lograr la eficiente superación postgraduada en Ciencias Sociales, Políticas y Humanísticas de los profesionales de la Salud. En la investigación tuvimos como resultados fundamentales la respuesta a necesidades muy concretas del desarrollo de los profesionales de la Salud en ciencias sociales, políticas y humanísticas, en particular el aumento de la calidad en la preparación académica y docente, política y ética de los estudiantes(AU)

This work is partially a result of research conducted within the Institutional Investigative Project to develop the intellectual capital of the University of Medical Sciences Guantánamo between 2012 and 2014. The population was a selection of 150 health professionals of the various locations in UCMG; The sample population was 129 investigators whom finished 5 postgraduate courses developed during the investigation. The methodology used in this study corresponds to a qualitative research design as a methodology emerges as a guiding line in the development process and postgraduate degree in the disciplines of social, political and humanistic professionals Health sciences. The problem was detected, inefficiency in the socio-humanistic development of health professionals that adversely affects the quality of their service. The objective was accomplished in the develop a computer software with postgraduate teaching activities, through self-management skills, achieving efficient, postgraduate in Social, Political and Humanities in Health Sciences professionals. In the research had obtained the results as key and responses to very specific needs of the development of health professionals in social sciences, political and humanistic, including quality in academic and teacher education, politics and ethics of students(AU)